Resilience Science Must-Knows

Resilience is more than bouncing back. It is the ability to live and develop with change and uncertainty. It requires the capacities to cope, adapt, and transform in the face of change. This definition is grounded in an understanding that humans and nature are intertwined, where human well-being and prosperity depend on the stability of the Earth system, and thus a just and equitable world can only exist within planetary boundaries.

The Resilience Science Must-Knows initiative is a collaboration between the Stockholm Resilience Centre, the Global Resilience Partnership, and Future Earth. The nine Resilience Science Must-Knows are designed for decision-makers and implementers seeking to build and enable systemic resilience grounded in scientific research. The Must-Knows are the result of an unprecedented collective effort by the global resilience research community, which included surveys with resilience experts, global editorial leadership, a comprehensive literature review, and consultation dialogues with decision-makers.

1. Resilience is critical for navigating accelerating risk

Rising crises, shocks, and inequalities are creating new challenges. Resilience offers pathways toward more just and sustainable futures for people and the planet.

2. Resilience requires balancing the capacities to cope, adapt, and transform

Resilience is not just about bouncing back—it is about building the capacity to cope with shocks, adapt to change, and transform systems away from undesirable trajectories, while finding the right balance between these capacities.

3. Investing in resilience today reduces costs tomorrow

The return on resilience investment far exceeds its initial cost. Investment in resilience protects and strengthens the social, economic, and ecological foundations that support long-term human well-being and prosperity.

4. Resilience is a cycle of learning and innovation

Resilience is a cycle that demands continuous experimentation, learning, and innovation. Understanding resilience dynamics and the alternations between phases of rapid change and relative stability opens pathways to new and better futures.

5. Diversity is essential for resilience to thrive

Diversity is a cornerstone of resilience—providing options for persistence and sources of innovation to enable adaptation and transformation. It includes biodiversity as well as diversity in knowledge systems, cultures, practices, social structures, institutions, and livelihoods.

6. Relationships among people and with nature build resilience

Resilience grows through relationships—between people, with nature, and within landscapes and ecosystems. These connections strengthen the low of resources, knowledge, trust, and care.

7. Governing and negotiating trade-offs is key to resilience

Almost every decision involves trade-offs, and addressing these across scales, interests, and generations is vital to avoid unintended harms, prevent conflict, and build just, lasting resilience.

8. Empowering agency unlocks resilience

Agency is key to activating core resilience capacities. Supporting and developing agency means enabling people and institutions to take intentional and grounded action.

9. Address power imbalances to foster equitable resilience

Building resilience requires directly addressing social inequalities, power imbalances, and historical injustices. Otherwise, resilience interventions risk reinforcing the very systems that cause vulnerability.