Publications

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This report was produced by the independent, tripartite, Working Group on Resilience Management and the Circular Economy working under the aegis of the High Level Group on Innovation Policy Management . Its members – senior civil servants drawn from the European and national administrations, experts and managers from leading innovative companies and prominent scholars from academia – have participated in its work in their pe...

West, S., R. Cairns, L. Schultz. 2016. What constitutes a successful biodiversity corridor? A Q-study in the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa. Biological Conservation 198: 183 – 192

‘Success’ is a vigorously debated concept in conservation. There is a drive to develop quantitative, comparable metrics of success to improve conservation interventions. Yet the qualitative, normative choices inherent in decisions about what to measure — emerging from fundamental philosophical commitments about what conservation is and should be — have received scant attention. We address this gap by exploring perceptions of w...

West, S., L. Schultz, S. Bekessy. 2016. Rethinking social barriers to effective adaptive management. Environmental Management 58: 399 – 416

Adaptive management is an approach to environmental management based on learning-by-doing, where complexity, uncertainty, and incomplete knowledge are acknowledged and management actions are treated as experiments. However, while adaptive management has received significant uptake in theory, it remains elusively difficult to enact in practice. Proponents have blamed social barriers and have called for social science contributi...

Schultz, L., C. Folke, H. Österblom, P. Olsson. 2015. Adaptive governance, ecosystem management, and natural capital. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 112: 7369–7374.

To gain insights into the effects of adaptive governance on natural capital, we compare three well-studied initiatives; a landscape in Southern Sweden, the Great Barrier Reef in Australia, and fisheries in the Southern Ocean. We assess changes in natural capital and ecosystem services related to these social-ecological governance approaches to ecosystem management and investigate their capacity to respond to change and new cha...

Odom Green, O., L. Schultz, M. Nekoro, A.S. Garmestani. 2015. The role of bridging organizations in enhancing ecosystem services and facilitating adaptive management of social-ecological systems. In: Allen, C.R., A.S. Garmestani (Eds.), Adaptive Management of Social-Ecological Systems. Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, Netherlands pp. 107–122.

The nested nature of social-ecological systems across scales requires a multi-scale approach for monitoring and response. However, in many cases this flow is hindered by hierarchical structures and bureaucratic procedures. Recent research suggests that bridging organizations that facilitate collaboration and learning across sectors and scales are key to adaptive governance. Bridging organizations can facilitate cross-scale l...

Leitch, A.M., G. Cundill, L. Schultz, C.L. Meek. 2015. Principle 6 Broaden participation. In: Biggs, R. (Oonsie), M. Schlüter, M.L. Schoon (Eds.), Principles for Building Resilience: Sustaining Ecosystem Services in Social-Ecological Systems. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK pp. 201–225.

As both the societies and the world in which we live face increasingly rapid and turbulent changes, the concept of resilience has become an active and important research area. Reflecting the very latest research, this book provides a critical review of the ways in which resilience of social-ecological systems, and the ecosystem services they provide, can be enhanced. With contributions from leaders in the field, the chapters ...

West, S.P., L. Schultz. 2015. Learning for resilience in the European court of human rights: Adjudication as an adaptive governance practice. Ecology and Society 20(1): 31

Managing for social-ecological resilience requires ongoing learning. In the context of nonlinear dynamics, surprise, and uncertainty, resilience scholars have proposed adaptive management, in which policies and management actions are treated as experiments, as one way of encouraging learning. However, the implementation of adaptive management has been problematic. The legal system has been identified as an impediment to adapti...

Plummer, R., L. Schultz, D. Armitage, Ö. Bodin, B. Crona, J. Baird 2014. Developing a diagnostic approach for adaptive co-management and considering its implementation in biosphere reserves. Beijer Discussion Paper, 245, 1-10

Innovative approaches are required to address the sustainability of ecosystems and human wellbeing. Adaptive co-management (ACM) is emerging as such an approach because it nurtures resilience and provides an arena to address the complexity and uncertainty that characterize socialecological systems. The literature on adaptive co-management reveals considerable variation in how it is defined and operationalized, a limited basi...

Norström, A. V., A. Dannenberg, G. McCarney, M. Milkoreit, F. Diekert, G. Engström, R. Fishman, J. Gars, E. Kyriakopoolou, V. Manoussi, K. Meng, M. Metian, M. Sanctuary, M. Schlüter, M. Schoon, L. Schultz, and M. Sjöstedt. 2014. Three necessary conditions for establishing effective Sustainable Development Goals in the Anthropocene. Ecology and Society 19(3): 8. http://dx.doi. org/10.5751/ES-06602-190308

The purpose of the United Nations-guided process to establish Sustainable Development Goals is to galvanize governments and civil society to rise to the interlinked environmental, societal, and economic challenges we face in the Anthropocene. We argue that the process of setting Sustainable Development Goals should take three key aspects into consideration. First, it should embrace an integrated social-ecological system per...

Schultz, L. 2013. Book Review: Goldstein, B. E. 2012. Collaborative Resilience: Moving Through Crisis to Opportunity. The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Ecology and Society, 17