2. Biggs, R., F.R. Westley and S.R. Carpenter. 2010. Navigating the back loop: Fostering social innovation and transformation in ecosystem management. Ecology and Society 15(2): 9.

3. Biggs, R., M.W. Diebel, D. Gilroy, A.M. Kamarainen, M.S. Kornis, N.D. Preston, J.E. Schmitz, C.K. Uejio, M.C. Van De Bogert, B.C. Weidel, P.C. West, D.P.M. Zaks and S.R. Carpenter. 2010. Preparing for the future: Teaching scenario planning at the graduate level. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 8(5): 267-273. doi:10.1890/080075

4. Chapin, F.S., III, S.R. Carpenter, G.P. Kofinas, C. Folke, N. Abel, W.C. Clark, P. Olsson, D.M. Stafford Smith, B.H. Walker, O.R. Young, F. Berkes, R. Biggs, J.M. Grove, R.L. Naylor, E. Pinkerton, W. Steffen and F.J. Swanson. 2010. Ecosystem Stewardship: Sustainability Strategies for a Rapidly Changing Planet. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 25(4): 241-249.

5. Walker, B.H., L. Pearson, M. Harris, K.G. Mäler, L. Chuan-Zhong, R. Biggs and T. Baynes. Incorporating resilience in the assessment of Inclusive Wealth: An example from South East Australia. 2010. Environmental and Resource Economics 45: 183-202.

6. Biggs, R., S.R. Carpenter and W.A. Brock. 2009. Turning back from the brink: Detecting an impending regime shift in time to avert it. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106(3): 826-831.

7. Biggs, R., S.R. Carpenter and W.A. Brock. 2009. Spurious certainty: How ignoring measurement error and environmental heterogeneity may contribute to environmental controversies. BioScience 59(1): 65-76.

8. Kamarainen, A.M., F. Rowland, R. Biggs, and S.R. Carpenter. 2008. Zooplankton and the Total Phosphorous-Chlorophyll a relationship: A hierarchical Bayesian analysis. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 65: 2644-2655.

9. Biggs, R., H. Simons, M. Bakkenes, R.J. Scholes, B. Eickhout, D. van Vuuren and J.R.M. Alkemade. 2008. Scenarios of biodiversity loss in southern Africa in the 21st Century. Global Environmental Change 18: 296-309.

10. Hui, D., R. Biggs, R.J. Scholes, and R.B. Jackson. 2008. Measuring uncertainty in estimates of biodiversity loss: The example of biodiversity intactness variance. Biological Conservation 141: 1091-1094.

11. Biggs, R., C. Raudsepp-Hearne, C. Atkinson-Palombo, E. Bohensky, E. Boyd, G. Cundill, H. Fox, S. Ingram, K. Kok, S. Spehar, M. Tengö, D. Timmer, M. Zurek. 2007. Linking futures across scales: a dialog on multi-scale scenarios. Ecology and Society 12(1):17.

12. Kok, K., R. Biggs and M. Zurek. 2007. Methods for developing participatory scenarios at multiple scales: Insights from southern Africa and Europe. Ecology and Society 12(1):8.

13. Carpenter, S.R., B.J. Benson, R. Biggs, J.W. Chipman, J.A. Foley, S.A. Golding, R.B. Hammer, P.C. Hanson, P.T.J. Johnson, A.M. Kamarainen, T.K. Kratz, R.C. Lathrop, K.D. McMahon, B. Provencher, J.A. Rusak, C.T. Solomon, E.H. Stanley, M.G. Turner, M.J. Vander Zanden, C.-H. Wu and H. Yuan. 2007. Understanding regional change: Comparison of two lake districts. BioScience 57(4): 323-335.

14. Biggs, R., B. Reyers and R.J. Scholes. 2006. A biodiversity intactness score for South Africa. South African Journal of Science 102(7/8): 277-283.

15. Scholes, R.J. and R. Biggs. 2005. A biodiversity intactness index. Nature 434: 45-49.
16. Van Jaarsveld, A.S., R. Biggs, R.J. Scholes, E. Bohensky, B. Reyers, T. Lynam, C. Msuvuto and C. Fabricius. 2005. Measuring conditions and trends in ecosystem services at multiple scales: The Southern African Assessment (SAfMA) experience. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B, Biological Sciences 360: 425-441.

17. Biggs, R., H.C. Biggs, T.T. Dunne, N. Govender and A.L.F. Potgieter. 2003. Experimental burn plot trial in the Kruger National Park: history, experimental design and suggestions for data analysis. Koedoe 46(1): 1-15.

18. Biggs, R. and R.J. Scholes. 2002. Land-cover changes in South Africa 1911-1993. South African Journal of Science 98(9/10): 420-424.

19. Jacobs, O.S. and R. Biggs. 2002. The impact of the African elephant on Marula (Sclerocarya birrea subsp. caffra) trees in the Kruger National Park. South African Journal of Wildlife Research 32(1): 13-22.

20. Jacobs, O.S. and R. Biggs. 2002. The status and population structure of the Marula (Sclerocarya birrea subsp. caffra) in the Kruger National Park. South African Journal of Wildlife Research 32(1): 1-12.

21. Jacobs, O.S. and R. Biggs. 2001. The effect of different fire treatments on the population structure and density of the Marula, Sclerocarya birrea (A.Rich.) subsp. caffra (Sond.) kokwaro (Kokwaro & Gillet 1980) in the Kruger National Park. African Journal of Range and Forage Science 18(1): 13-23.

22. Enslin, B.W., A.L.F. Potgieter, H.C. Biggs and R. Biggs. 2000. Long term effects of fire frequency and season on the woody vegetation dynamics of the Sclerocarya birrea/Acacia nigrescens savanna of the Kruger National Park. Koedoe 43(1): 27-37.

Peer-reviewed book chapters
1. Biggs, R., T. Blenckner, C. Folke, L. Gordon, A. Norström, M. Nyström and G. Peterson. In press. Regime Shifts. In: Sourcebook in Theoretical Ecology. A. Hastings and L. Gross (eds). University of California Press.

2. Scholes, R.J., R. Biggs, C. Palm and A. Duraiappah. 2010. Assessing state and trends in ecosystem services and human well-being. Chapter 4 in: Ecosystems and Human Wellbeing: A manual for assessment practitioners. N. Ash, H. Blanco, C. Brown, K. Garcia, T. Henrichs, N. Lucas, C. Raudsepp-Hearne, R.D. Simpson, R.J. Scholes, T. Tomich, B. Vira, and M. Zurek (eds). Island Press, Washington DC. ISBN: 9781597267106.

3. Carpenter, S.R. and R. Biggs. 2009. Freshwaters: Managing across scales in space and time. Chapter 9 (p197-220) in: Principles of ecosystem stewardship: Resilience-based natural resource management in a changing world. F.S. Chapin, III, G.P. Kofinas and C. Folke (eds). Springer, New York. ISBN: 978-0-387-73032-5.

4. Chapin III F.S., G.P. Kofinas, C. Folke, S.R. Carpenter, P. Olsson, N. Abel, R. Biggs, R.L. Naylor, E. Pinkerton, D.M. Stafford-Smith, W.L. Steffen, B.H. Walker, and O.R. Young. 2009. Resilience-based stewardship: Strategies for navigating sustainable pathways in a changing world. Chapter 15 (p319-337) in: Principles of ecosystem stewardship: Resilience based natural resource management in a changing world. F.S. Chapin, III, G.P. Kofinas and C. Folke (eds). Springer, New York. ISBN: 978-0-387-73032-5.

5. Zurek, M., R. Biggs, C. Raudsepp-Hearne, E.M. Bennett, K. Kok and S.J. Velarde. 2008. Looking into the future of ecosystem services and human well-being. Chapter 4 (p45-56) in: Ecosystem Services: A Guide for Decision Makers. J. Ranganathan, C. Raudsepp-Hearne, N. Lucas, F. Irwin, M. Zurek, K. Bennett, N. Ash, P. West. World Resources Institute, Washington DC, USA. ISBN: 978-1-56973-669-2. http://pdf.wri.org/ecosystem_services_guide_for_decisionmakers.pdf

6. Biggs, R. and R.J. Scholes. 2007. Assessing the loss of natural capital: A biodiversity intactness index. Chapter 6 (p44-54) in: Restoring Natural Capital: Science, Business, and Practice. J. Aronson, S.J. Milton and J.N. Blignaut (eds). The Science and Practice of Ecological Restoration Series. Island Press, Washington DC, USA. ISBN: 1-59726-076-2.

7. Scholes, R.J., R. Biggs, E.J. Brown Gaddis and K.D. Holl. 2007. Overcoming obstacles at a global scale to restore natural capital. Chapter 30 (p265-274) in: Restoring Natural Capital: Science, Business, and Practice. J. Aronson, S.J. Milton and J.N. Blignaut (eds). The
Science and Practice of Ecological Restoration Series. Island Press, Washington DC, USA. ISBN: 1-59726-076-2.

8. Biggs, R., R.J. Scholes, B.J.E. ten Brink and D. Vačkář. 2007. Biodiversity Indicators. Chapter 16 (p249-270) in: Sustainability indicators: A scientific assessment. T. Hák B. Moldan, and A.L. Dahl (eds). SCOPE Report 67, Island Press, Washington DC, USA. ISBN:
1-59726-131-9.

9. Karlsson, S., A.L. Dahl, R. Biggs, B.J.E. ten Brink, E. Gutierrez-Espeleta, M.N.H. Hasan, G. Laumann, B. Moldan, A. Singh, J. Spangenberg, D. Stanners. 2007. Meeting conceptual challenges. Chapter 2 (p27-48) in: Sustainability indicators: A scientific assessment. T. Hák B. Moldan, and A.L. Dahl (eds). SCOPE Report 67, Island Press, Washington DC, USA. ISBN: 1-59726-131-9.

10. Scholes, R.J., W. Kϋper and R. Biggs. 2006. Biodiversity. Chapter 7 (p226-261) in: Africa Environmental Outlook 2: Our environment, our wealth. United Nations Environment Programme, Nairobi, Kenya. ISBN: 92-807-2691-9. http://www.unep.org/dewa/africa/aeo2_launch/index.asp

11. Zermoglio, M.F., A.S. van Jaarsveld, W.V. Reid, J. Romm, R. Biggs, Y. Tianxiang, L. Vicente. 2005. The multiscale approach. Chapter 4 (p61-84) in: Ecosystems and human wellbeing: Multiscale assessments. D. Capistrano, C.K. Samper, M.J. Lee, C. Raudsepp-Hearne (eds). Report of the Sub-Global Assessments Working Group of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, Island Press, Washington DC, USA. ISBN: 1-55963-186-4. http://www.maweb.org/en/Products.aspx

12. Lebel, L, P. Thongbai, K. Kok, J.B.R. Agard, E.M. Bennett, R. Biggs, M. Ferreira, C. Filer, Y. Gokhale, W. Mala, C. Rumsey, S.J. Velarde, M. Zurek, H. Blanco, T. Lynam, Y. Tianxiang. 2005. Sub-global scenarios. Chapter 10 (p229-260) in: Ecosystems and human well-being: Multiscale assessments. D. Capistrano, C.K. Samper, M.J. Lee, C. Raudsepp-Hearne (eds).
Report of the Sub-Global Assessments Working Group of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, Island Press, Washington DC, USA. ISBN: 1-55963-186-4. http://www.maweb.org/en/Products.aspx

13. Biggs, R. and R.J. Scholes. 2005. South Africa. p542-549 in: Our Earth's Changing Land:An Encyclopedia of Land-Use and Land-Cover Change. H. Geist (ed). Greenwood PublishingGroup, Westport, USA. ISBN: 0-313-32704-1.

14. Biggs, R. and R.J. Scholes. 2005. Southern Africa. p560-566 in: Our Earth's Changing Land: An Encyclopedia of Land-Use and Land-Cover Change. H. Geist (ed.). Greenwood Publishing Group, Westport, USA. ISBN: 0-313-32704-1.

15. Capistrano, D., L. Lebel, C. Samper, R.J. Scholes, T.J. Wilbanks, R. Biggs, M.J. Lee and G. Petschel-Held. 2003. Dealing with Scale. Chapter 5 (p107-126) in: Ecosystems and Human Well-being: A Framework for Assessment. Report of the Conceptual Framework Working Group of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. Island Press, Washington DC, USA. ISBN: 1-55963-403-0. http://www.maweb.org/en/Products.aspx

Reports
1. Elmqvist, T., S. Polasky, F. Alpizar, H. Berg, T. Bergendorff, R. Biggs, G. Cumming, O. Eriksson, A. Hejnowicz, A. Kinzig, C. Kremen, A. Larigauderie, S. Naeem, C. Perrings, S. Purushothaman, B. Reyers, M. Schultz. 2010. Ecosystem Service Indicators: A socialecological systems approach for generating relevant indicators for the CBD 2020 targets. Report to UNEP and the CBD. DIVERSITAS bioSUSTAINABILITY Program, Stockholm, Sweden.

2. Leadley, P., H.M. Pereira, R. Alkemade, J.F. Fernandez-Manjarrés, V. Proença, J.P.W. Scharlemann, M.J. Walpole, et al. 2010. Biodiversity Scenarios: Projections of 21st century change in biodiversity and associated ecosystem services. 132 pp. Convention on Biological Diversity, Montreal, Canada. ISBN 92-9225-219-4. [Contributing author]
http://www.cbd.int/doc/publications/cbd-ts-50-en.pdf

3. Bakkes, J., L. Aalbers, T. Aalbers, R. Biggs, H. Eerens, B. Eickhout, K. Geurs, A. Hanemaaijer, H. Hoff, N. Hoogervorst, M. Kok, H. Nijland, T. Manders, K. Overmars, J. Notenboom, F. van Oort, A. Petersen, G. Peterson, J. Ros, B. van Ruijven, L. van Schaik, M. Thissen, D. van Vuuren, H. Westhoek. 2009. Getting in the Right Lane for 2050. 106pp. Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency (PBL), Bilthoven, The Netherlands. ISBN:
978-90-6960-235-6. http://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/rapporten/500150001.pdf

4. Biggs, R., E. Bohensky, P.V. Desanker, C. Fabricius, T. Lynam, A.A. Misselhorn, C. Musvoto, M. Mutale, B. Reyers, R.J. Scholes, S. Shikongo, A.S. van Jaarsveld. 2004. Nature supporting people: The Southern African Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. Integrated Report. 68pp. Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa. ISBN: 0- 7988-5528-2. http://www.maweb.org/en/Products.Subglobal.aspx

5. Scholes, R.J. and R. Biggs (eds). 2004. Ecosystem Services in Southern Africa: A regional assessment. 84pp. Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa. ISBN: 0-7988-5527-4. http://www.maweb.org/en/Products.Subglobal.aspx

Lay publications
1. Carpenter S. R., R. Biggs, M. Diebel, J. Fox, D. Gilroy, A. Kamarainen, M. Kornis, N. Preston, J. Schmitz, C. Uejio, M. Van de Bogert, B. Weidel, P. West, and D. Zaks 2007. Scenarios for the future of Lake Wingra. Report prepared for Friends of Lake Wingra by Zoology 955 graduate students, Spring 2007. Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.

2. Southern African Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (SAfMA). 2004. Nature supporting People: The Southern African Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. Summary for Decision- Makers. 8pp. Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa. http://www.maweb.org/en/Products.Subglobal.aspx

3. Southern African Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (SAfMA). 2002. Nature serving People: A pilot assessment of Southern African Ecosystems. Brochure released at the World
Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD), August 2002. 16pp. Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria, South Africa. ahttp://www.maweb.org/en/Products.Subglobal.aspx